Close Reading

Most Canadians of European heritage understand that those of African or Caribbean heritage will almost never actually like the cold of a Canadian winter. But we sure do, we love snowmobiling, ice hockey, ice fishing, skiing and snowboarding and all things winter. As for the long lines in an emergency department, That's called triage, and it's the same in every developed nation, granted it's a headache and discouraging, but it's the price you pay for free healthcare. I had a kidney stone flare up a few years ago and a friend that was with me drove me to the hospital, I had a morphine shot within 5 minutes of entering and left within an hour, It all depends on how big your boo-boo is that dictates your wait time. Jobs? Yes we have different standards than other country's and need to ensure the applicant is up to Canadian standards, and the last I checked our unemployment rate was around 3.7 %. Unfortunately, Canada has dropped from 9th spot in the world's happiest countries down to 14th, but still way ahead of the US. Oh, and Canadians almost never immigrate to the US, we head there sometimes for a vacation to Florida, but most of us when we have worked a lifetime and are retiring either stay somewhere here or head to Belize or Costa Rica Or portugal where housing and food is much more affordable. So in ending and a small counter to your video title. Reasons to stay in Canada are Freedom, free healthcare, social safety net, tons of winter activities, large job market for motivated individuals, Fair elections where you can vote out a party that you don't like, The peace of mind that you can walk down the street without worrying that you will be shot, robbed, mugged or molested. That's my Canada and I love it.

LOL next time you go to British Columbia go to where I'm from and it's a little Valley called blueberry Creek it's in the interior about 400 mi from Vancouver Vancouver isn't as bad as you say it seems that way but truly I lived there for about 10-15 years after I grew up in blueberry and it is definitely unpredictable that's for sure you have to take an umbrella with you or a raincoat or a sweater or something cuz you could go out in the morning it's bright and sunny and by the time you get to the bus stop it's raining that is very true but it doesn't last long there is certain seasons that it rains but if you look at the meteorology it really isn't that much more than anywhere else and gloomy you want to talk about gloomy you live in Alberta I live there for quite a while and one morning I woke up and I just couldn't take it anymore all you see is different shades of gray and brown so I packed up and went home and finally saw green again I'm glad you guys are in Canada but boy do I hear you I used to be middle class owned a home and some land and then I became homeless because yes that's what our government is trying to do they don't want me to class people we have too much power when Harris came into power he almost succeeded in wiping out the middle class dirt poor have no say in anything so I'm trapped here I hope you guys have the freedom to go where you like I really do you guys are great

I'm Canadian, when I sold my home of 20 years and was moving away I wanted to say goodbye to my neighbors, it was the last time we would see each other I had gifts for them, they were home but they wouldn't answer my knocks and open their doors to talk, it was hurtful, I thought they were friendly but it was phoney friendliness.

I was born and raised in Canada and left 30 years ago. I went to Vancouver about 10 years ago to visit family and I also found it ugly. The big glass buildings looked so dirty and outdated. It felt like an old outdated logging town. Like most Canadians, I used to be proud of the medical system but now I've realized it doesn't cure people it just keeps the citizens sick. Everyone I know there is sick and they are all proud of how many operations they've had and how many pills they take. I remember paying 30% in taxes as a University student with a part-time job. It just wasn't fair. The last straw was when I saw how the Trudeau government responded during covid. They hijacking the news stations and brainwashed the citizens. And then, they froze bank accounts of those who dared to protest or even support protesters. I lost a lot of respect for people there who I thought were intelligent and It made me realize how that place turns people into drones. Now I'm ashamed to be Canadian. Most Canadians live in a bubble and think it's the best country in the world but that's because they don't know what it's like to live. Good for you for leaving. I wish you all the best.

The rental housing market in Montreal is so so expensive and horrible,any places renting now for under $1250 .00 have to many problems,from bad noise levels to smokers and pot next door,cockroachs,mold,landlords all charging high prices for dirty apartments,in the last 3 years had to move 3 times do to these problems,just horrible high rents in Montreal,so hard to find a good place to live in Montreal anymore.

I wouldve agreed with Quebec as #1 but the last time I visited Montreal, I was walking around downtown with my headphones on and got thrown pieces of garbage at me. I don’t understand french but I am my friend does and he told me to walk faster. Later I learned it was because I was wearing a Toronto Maple Leafs Jersey. Smh

N S HAS TO BE THE WORST PROV. THE TREES ARE GROWING OVER THE ROAD AND WE CANT EVEN GET THE BRANCHES CUT BACK at least on my road i have called 4 times in the last 3 years NOTHING DONE even my mla cant get it done and there in POWER WERE IN HELL IS ALL OUR TAX MONEY GOING i almost got hit 3 time over the pass 2 years trying to get onto the road from my dr way the speed limit is 70 but sone of them are much faster than that

Ha if you had $15.000 for a lawyer then you didnt need refugee status. You already had money that would have lasted a long time in Mexico or El salvadore. Same goes for any illegal who spent THOUSANDS to the cartels to help them cross illegally into any country for that matter.

Muslim area? Last time I checked.. LONDON IS IN THE UK. \nUK should abolish this bullshit Sharia law in UK.

So such low mortgage rates and all the immigrants you’re bringing in has absolutely nothing to do with it right? Liar. Toronto had more cranes than any city on the planet set up not o long ago for a long period of time. They were for all the condos that have erected in the last 10 years.

Facts are in 2021 Canada welcomed over 400 thousand new permanent residents. We printed over 400 billion dollars in the last two years. The average time for a permit to build a new house is over 6 months. What I don’t understand is that we welcomed all the new immigrants while in a housing crisis if a hotel is full do they still keep renting rooms? We printed 400 billion dollars to pay for Covid where if we would have just used masks and washed our hands we could have saved 400 billion dollars. With Canada having one of the world’s lowest population to land mass and tons of natural resources I can’t understand how we can’t cut costs shorten wait times on permits.

I live in the UK and its the same here... everyone does their own thing... I probably walk past my neighbours in the street without knowing them... I'm not someone who needs people around all the time, so it's OK up to a point, but I'd rather my life not revolve around work just to live! I much rather work from home by myself anyway! There is more to life, I'd like to have more time to meet friends, go to church etc, however things have changed do much over the last 2 years...I know many here who are lonely and depressed which leads many down the wrong path.

It's happening in nations like India too, just that we're way more populated than US. However, you could be alone in a crowd! I'd like to come to US again because hard work isn't too appreciated here. Plus, I'm depressed. Last time I was depressed 18 years back, coming to US healed me. So yeah, I'd try my best for Canada/US.

Haha? you got it right Brother. That's my first culture shock 35 years ago. I took my parents and they didn't even last for a year they went back. I told my kids as soon as you all done in college I will deport myself back. Socialization is definitely missing. Besides people has no time to do that because people work 2-3 jobs to pay that high mortgage. My friend has 3 jobs. She was so tired that she fell asleep with her mouth full of rice. Great topic you have. If you don't have a strong personality you end up looney in these kind of life.

I've grown up in suburbs all my life, when I was a kid I would play outside with other children, but I do not see this happening now with the children of this day. I too now spend almost all of my time indoors, it has become increasingly easy to live like this. My neighbors are the same way, nobody knows each others names in the neighborhood. I am very grateful for the immense comfort and privilege that my background has provided for me, but you come to realize that American culture is gross and inhuman, materialistic and plastic, very lonely. I long to see the other ways of life on this planet when I have the means to travel\n\nIn the last 15 years especially, the westerners (at least in North America) have all retreated to their caves, their eyes fixated on the shadows on the walls of the cave. Reality passes them by and they waste their life, the most they can hope for to ease the loneliness is a friendship over Discord (but in the end this only contributes to them spending more time indoors). \n\nNorth Americans are moving towards a never ending stream of escapism through consumerism. First it was TV, then video games, next is virtual reality. They will be enveloped in a 24/7 stream of hyperreality, forever overstimulated and oblivious to the real world.

I live in Accra, Ghana. I already live such life. I don't remember the last time a friend visited me at home. The only time I associate with people is on Sunday, at church service. I'm always indoor working. So this is now common in Africa. I sometimes stay indoor days without opening my front door.

Thanks your video! Very detail and step by step.\n\nMay I ask several questions?\n1. Normally how many points they need for express entry? I know every time maybe different, but can I check somewhere what is the points for last draw as reference?\n2. For ielts, is it general one or academic? Or I can use either one of them?\n3.Just want to know if I got the PR document in Canada, in case I fly back to home town to handling the immigration matters, any deadline for landing in Canada again?

I’m an American, so that last joke has a sort of inverted effect on me. Every time I think I’ve an American celebrity who’s genuinely pleasant, not egregiously problematic, and only controversial in the best ways, guess where they turn out to be from?

This is my true story of a horrific experience that happened to me on renting apartments in Montreal, i had to look for a new apartment to rent due to having to leave my apartment i was at due to fire damages that was caused by another tentant in apartment complex,anyhow i soon there after found a new apartment,this new apartment was renting for $1100.00 it had just been renovated and really nice and clean,however my horrific experience was just about to get much worse,just at the time the covid19 outbreak came around i was settling into my new apartment and really happy i had found a new place,so i thought...i soon began feeling very sick in this apartment and i kept trying to figure out why i was feeling this way,well to cut my true story short,i found out after 5 months and becoming really sick that there were drug dealers who had set up a meth lab in an apartment agent to my mine and the fumes from cooking there meth drug had been seeping into my apartment getting me very sick, still today i have lingering horriffic symptoms do to this meth poisoning, i have seen doctors and explained to them about my bad experience,i have persistance symptoms of lung problems, sinuses and bad headackes which start in this place,i found out the chemical these drug dealers were using to cook this meth was called Ether which is a mix of sulfuric acid and alcohol along with other very toxic dangerous chemicals,however the Ether chemical mix has a very sweet smell not a bad smell which is very deceiving to the sense of smell leaving you thinking how wounderful the air smells around,if you`ve rented you know there are all kinds of smells around,however it was to late by then ,how i found out it was a meth lab is a long story,i had been poisoned really bad but just as bad as getting sick is that when there is meth contamination that seeps into apartments,everything becomes contaminated,i mean everything,from cloths to furniture,tv bed,the smallest objects everything,i couldn`t take anything with me due to meth residue contamination,meth lab spores are really bad,they will linger in everything for years continue making one sick and very hard to wash or get rid of,i had to dispose of everything i had,thousands of dollars lost,all my belongings,it was horrible so horrible,the land lord had no idea this was going on in his building only later to know,also from what i have found out is that these dangerous meth lab apartments are common,i rent from a friend now and will never again rent from others,i still am sick with long lasting bad symptoms fearing for my health ,so i say Renter beware.

(Canadian healthcare worker, here)\n\nAs far as paying for medications: it's definitely true that you will often pay *something* for your medications, but they are significantly cheaper out of pocket than they are in the US, because the Canadian government puts limits on what pharmaceutical companies are allowed to charge.\nAnd medications that have existed for a long time, as well as generic versions of medications (acetaminophen instead of brand-name Tylenol, which are chemically identical) are much cheaper too.\n\nIf I need antibiotics, even if I don't have a job that gives me health benefits, I may pay $5-30 out of pocket. \nBut if I want the brand-new brand-name antidepressant that just came on the market last year, I might pay $200 a month for it.\n\nUsually a doctor can prescribe you a cheaper medication that works just as well though (just make sure the doctor knows if you don't have a job or don't have health benefits through your workplace...often they will ask you that before prescribing any expensive medications, but not always).

chutia 8 minute time pass krta raha kutch bhi bolke last min adha bataya adha agle video m logo ka time waste kr raha faltu m

As a Canadian- born senior I am disappointed to hear these negative perspectives. I have seen many positive changes in the landscape from the time when diversity did not exist. In Toronto the social landscape is very much enriched by the immigrants who have come in waves over the last 70 years. I recognize the hardship of re-qualifying for professions but this must have been taken into account when considering moving to Canada. Interesting subject to reflect upon.

Hello, Thank you so much for your tips & guidance. It's really helpful. I am a software engineer by profession & I Have been working as Project Manager for the last 10 years in IT industry in India. I am planning to move to Canada. Can you help me to get a full time permanent job ?

Wao amazing Ashir Bhai u r one of my favorites and I was fan of you but I didn't know about you for last I think 20 yrs \nI saw yours drama " Dhuaan " on television in Pakistan since then I search u but didn't found you ..Now at 4 am on 13th of December 2021 in karachi I m seeing your video very first time and so I come to know that now since 2007 in residing in Canada as u quoted in this video chat now u r a Pakistani Canadian and giving very very good informations that how we have to do whenever a Pakistani comes to Canada so that he can survive and moved forward with success in Canada and you r giving a very good analysis and guidance to any other who want to come to Canada...so I m really very very happy ?? to see u and I will share u about myself in another chat with you.. because this chat is already b a long so if u read all this which I didn't thought that you have time to read this ..BUT\nIF U RED THIS THAN PLZ REPLY ME EVEN FROM A FEW AFEW SENTENCES SO I WILL B SO HAPPY AFTER THAN I WILL STATE ABOUT ME AND MY PROBLEMS IN NEXT CHATS...\nI M SUBSCRIBING YOUR CHANNEL WITH PROUD AS A FAN OF YOU..\nTHANKS YOU BROTHER ♥️♥️♥️ \nAnd Love u from Karachi Pakistan..\nTake Care Brother..\nAssalam o Alaikum...

Hey lads just wondering when Micheál (our favourite farmer) is going to get the recognition due for his Christmas songs?? \nSo many classics, it’s a travesty!\n\n ? And the cows (still) need feeding-out, on Christmas Day ?\n\n?All I want for Christmas is (another) Ewe ?\n\n? Last Christmas I gave you a calf ?\n\nAnd please tell me The FAH Quarantines weren’t involved…\n? The tiny seeds start swelling, it’s my favourite time of year and in 6 months time the harvest will appear ?

My grandparents immigrated from Italy and Ireland. They never got nice warm Canada Goose jackets, clothes, Nike shoes designer jeans, free English lessons or welfare. They paid there way, bought their land and found work LEGALLY, paid to learn English.\nThey did not steal unemployed Canadians jobs going through Trudeaus let’s hire out of the country so our government funds part of the wage. What we get are lousy heath care workers who barely understand or speak the English language and are caring for our Elderly and mistreating them. This I saw first had. I took my Mother home out of a senior home and cancelled home care as they never showed up on time. Would they leave there parent in a urine soaked brief for 5 hours as that is how late they were. I had to quit my job to take care of her. I myself am disabled with a spinal injure. The worst part of “Home Care workers” is that they wanted me to call in and cancel so they got paid. This statement gave from the Home Care nurse in charge of these immigrants working here. Seven of my friends, who are educated health care workers, which they themselves paid for, not paid my our government. They can’t get a job. The last job I applied for and they ask you status I put that I am a Canadian refugee in my own country. \nPretty sad when on Remembrance Day you have these woke individuals begging for money to help refugees. They should be ashamed of themselves for this disgusting action as this is a time to remember the men and women who fought for our freedom. Trudeau is a total embarrassment to all Canadians. He brings in more refugees rather than helping Veterans and homeless Canadians.

This 44min video has been great ....but that is one side, but good side .....\n\nWhat should we do as a muslim, when our great great Prophet Muhammad have said, “I disown every Muslim who settles among the mushrikeen”....\n\nKis k kiya problems hain, woh aur Allah behter jante hein....but do discuss this with ulemah, what is preferable ..... and this is other side....\n\nWe have bought time from Allah, and this time can end anytime. At those last moments, we realize CONSCIOUSLY, that visit in this world was temporary.

@ Make That Change, you are missing some topics!! A person who is born and raised in Vancouver before the 1980's and where both parents were also born and raised in Canada. Since the year 2000, the cost of owning a detached home has risen 10 folds. You could buy a corner lot house in a nice area and good location for an average of $160,000. Now that home would cost 10 times that cost in the last 20 years. Why? Foreign investors and immigration based on supply and demand as this also includes the increase in rent cost. People spend on average about $1000 to 1500 for a room to rent not their own suite in Vancouver. Twenty years ago, you could rent a whole house with a yard for that price on the waistcoats of BC. \n\nAnother issue, there are Canadians who do travel to USA due to people being in desperate need of care. USA has a wider spectrum of medical options in comparison to Canada. Canadians travel to USA because the waiting list is often way too long. Canada is nota complete free medical system as people hear and rehabilitation expenses are not free unless it is inside a hospital. It was from at one time as Medicare was founded on the grounds in the 1960's by Tommy Douglas, former premier of Saskatchewan, who initiated Medicare but it was no sustainable. \n\nJust because a person gets referred to a doctor, particularly a specialist when there are very few doctors in that area of care, it does not guarantee you will receive the treatment. I waited 2.5 years for a treatment in a hospital, only to be told that I was not a candidate for that treatment even though they did not screen me as a precursor before making a rational decision. DEVESTATING! Canadians if they have money often go to USA or Mexico when in desperate need. \n\nThere is a lack of doctors as many people do not have a family medical doctor who know their case personally. Complex diseases do not receive proper care as Canada does not have an integrated medical system of care amongst other doctors for patients. It has been on the news media where people have died being on the waiting list, returning back to hospitals where the hospital emergency because the concern of the disease was undermined with the overcrowded medical system.\n\nThere is a increased gentrification in the metropolitan cities that is an issue as the richer are now richer and the poorer are more poor. As there is an INCREASED immigration there is a huge stress in cost of living as there is not enough affordable housing and increased homelessness in Vancouver and Toronto. Vancouver is the worst place in North America as it is known as the drug hub called Skid Row. You can google this information as there are article written for 2021 and previously. Expo 86 and the 2010 Winter Olympics skyrocketed tourism and immigration that many people who are born and raised here before 1986 are very angry and resentful of how drastic the decline of how the quality of life has become.

Alberta is the best. Lived in Ontario for 5 years. Last year I moved to Alberta. Since that everything is going well. More savings, quality of life, more family time and less traffic.

CRAZY EXPENSIVE STUFF COUNTRY IT REALLY SOUNDS BAD NEWS IN THE LAST FEW YEARS MANY THINGS ARE WRONG EXPENSIVE PRICES HAPPEN HERE CLOSELY SORRY ABOUT THIS BAD NEWS CLOSELY PLEASE STAY SAFE WONDERFUL SERVICE EXACTLY PLEASE \n\nHAVE A NICE TIME EVENING FANTASTIC DAY CLOSELY \n\nPEACE THANKS

Hello Aasher\nnice to see you on you tube, i saw you last time when you were doing drama dhunwan and i was a matric student. to make short storey, I came in the UK in 2005 on the basis of nursing, now i work as an advanced clinical practitioner. I want to share with you, i am hope you will share with viewrs. 1.there is no short cut 2. be honest with yourself, your profession, and with every one here as well as back home.3. be skilful, try to do your job and respect every one on the basis of humanity not on title or profession...........thank you very much css officer

The Islamic Republic of Iran executed one of my acquaintances for drinking alcohol last year.???\nAccording to the Qur'an, if a person drinks alcohol three times, he will be flogged twice and executed the third time.

Thank you for being the Voice on this topic... !!\nCan you please respond to the below question ..\n1. 60 days time frame to upload all documents once Invitation is received. What happens to those who miss this window? specially for the people who have lived in various countries in past 10 years, it must be really tough for them to get the PCC done within in 60 days .\n\n2. Can the PCC process be started post Profile creation and before the Invitation to save time, What is the validity of the same . In my case I am living in country(A) for past 6.5 years and I have Travelled countries B , C and D in last 10 years .

The last time I watched this, my anxiety increased!\n???

Hi Jason , Hope you are doing good. Also many thanks fort this wonderful vedio .\nActually I am little confused with NOC codes . I am from commerce background and did MBA in finance. I worked as financial analyst for 1.5 years and from last 5 years working in RBS in back end as operational analyst. Please help with NOC code. Is 1114 is the correct NOC for me.\nCan see you have given your valuable time to all your viewers by replying to each of them. This has encouraged me to put my confusion here for the correct guidance. \nLooking forward for your reply :)

Hello, I am a musician and performed at a world-class level as a drummer for the last 10years with many other renowned artists n traveled around the world performing with them also I got 6.5band in IELTS and have done my Master degree as well as so I want to ask you which program is good for me? and if anyone comes in Canada as a self-employed but if you don't get work in your starting months as self-employed then are we allowed to do a part-time job to get our living ??

I'm a Asian and I always face the racism. At first few times I tried to understand those people and the time gose by. It gets worse and now I don't let those people do that to me. Last time I got discriminated by the U.S.A border protection roll player job. Because of skin color they picked me out from the job. Rest of them are white and no black Latinos nor Asians beside me. I'm sure God will judge them for what they do to others like me.

Hello brother! I am Ram Paul , l am from India and have been working here in Saudi Arabia as a machinist, l would like to get some information about my Son, who is pursuing m.a English from PU. last month he has cleared net as a assistance Professor. Is it possible for him to apply for PR in Canada? Please let me know if you get some free time bcz l know you must be swamped . Thanks ?

Hi bro,\nSo far this is the best video that I've seen regarding express entry. Great Job.\nRegarding CRS score I did my bachelors and have 3 years work ex and my CRS is 441, and last time I checked the lowest cut off was 469. So I dont know what else could increase my CRS. Please help me out with it .

He probably was high , what a disgusting “ human being “ he is ! \nI have a lot of asians in my building I never looked at them with these kind of ideas , the virus was going to spread anyway , beside I have been inside of Canada without travelling back home Europe and in February me and my three kids got sick with high fever wich lasted 2 weeks and a half , I kept my kids home all the time , so this virus probably has been around more than we know .and for sure we don’t know where it came from .

Hello sir , I want to working Construction pls help me . I have experience for construction work. Last time I working at Singapore 12 years, I have some certificates also

The problem here is people apply their previous experiences to future contacts. That's human nature. So if the last 3 times you dealt with a certain group of people and you got ripped off, the next similar person will be looked at more closely. Only a fool keeps making the same mistakes. This is not discrimination. If you find your group does most of the rip offs or violence then you can expect the victims to remember

To me the biggest problem of people of African origin is not racism. Infact if you called a child who knows colours very well and ask that child to mention the skin colours of that panel there will be brown, pink and barge. Back to my point, people of African origin have failed to be honest with themselves thats the biggest problem. The biggest problem to solve is the family problem. African men and women majority have failed to raise up responsible children because half of the time they are absent from home. Don't tell me they are absent because they have to look for money to feed children. Let us tell our children to stay away from gangs, be at home latest by 6 pm, start recording high grades at school meaning they will be spending much time with books, wait to have sex until they are legally married, start opening businesses and build corporations like Indians and Chinese do. Then this racism issue will just disappear on its own. As long as people of African origin continue to possess the mentality that other races owe them a good life, the problem of racism won't end. I live in Africa and am an African but I see my brothers and sisters North America or Europe majority live very careless lives. Yesterday I was listening to BBC news a chief police officer of African Origin saying on average there were about 65,000 murders within the African Americans community annually. Where is racism in all this. Can't we be ashamed of ourselves. When last did you hear of such statistics in Asian communities in America or Europe. I agreed with Prime Minister about systematic racism but in my view thats not a priority for the African communities. Number 1 is raise responsible children and not weapon fleaks. Number 2 raise responsible children. Number 3 raise a responsible family then we can sincerely address this racism issue because if there are no trouble makers from our homes but only graduates, business owners, responsible youths who do not abuse substances then if we are treated unfairly it can be vividly seen that someone is discriminating against our race.

Mark was approached no less than 3 times in one visit. The last time I went to Best Buy I was looking for wireless headphones. Was approached within the first 5 minutes... I said that I was still looking... then nothing. My husband said that’s what they do... they don’t want to smother you. I had to track someone down when I finally had a question. So...?

I have Asian friends who changed their last name to white last names to improve their chances for higher level jobs. By the time they arrive for the final physical interview, the interviewer/ company is shocked he or she is Asian. By then, it's harder for them to be biased and have their resume thrown out in the beginning and hire him based on his pure abilities. Welcome to Canada.

I've been followed in a store before, that was the last time I saw that old lady in the store. it was a respectful place and I think she was acting in her own and she might have done that a lot and they fired her. ( the store manager was black .. )

The last time I stood up for someone, telling the bully to stop, I got called a white hero. But, eh, so it goes.

I love both countries. I have been living in the states for the last 4 years and been in Canada 3 times . I am from Algeria. I love these two countries and wish all the world become like Canada and the U.S in term of friendship . Open border, no wars, business going so well between those two countries and so on.

Canadians bend over, this is in your culture, in Harper time they build over 100 mosque in Ontario, the Canadians Racism towards white people from Europe in the last 35 years refusing Doctors and Engineers to emigrate to Canada , now everybody gonna pay the price.

Muslims and Mormons are both wrong yet when is the last time a Mormon pulled a suicide bombing on innocent people and children? Or a white Christian going into the Middle East and doing the same? That is of the devil! God says to love others, not force them into your false religion or die! That proves that it's false in and of itself!!!