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Maybe people should start looking at the military industrial complex Eisenhower mentioned at the end of his presidency. Causing wars all over the world and then everyone wants to come to the west. Maybe stop wars in other countries so they can develop. Also have countries invest in their own education systems so they don’t have to come to the west and change the concept that western countries is where you can make it. Also, those who do come have to integrate, however, if you come from a country where there isn’t plurality and coming to a democratic society, you’re eventually going to have problems.

Top reasons why I want to stay in Canada:\n1. Canadians: kind and friendly\n2. The weather: 4 lovely seasons \n3. Quality of life: it’s prosperous and high standards of living \n4. Universal healthcare- Free healthcare one of the best in the world\n5. Free Public Education- one of the most educated countries in the world \n6. Excellent job opportunities \n7. Social services for the less fortunate\n8. Safety and peacefulness- a lot of migrate here for safety\n9. Cultural diversity\n10. Natural beauty- Canada has one of the best, surrounded by the Pacific spanning all the way to Atlantic Ocean\n11. Low crime rate and safety top 10 safest in the world\n12. Work-life balance - don’t have to work 12 hours for Pennies\n13. Thriving Stable Economy\n14. Long immigration process - doesn’t allow every criminal in\n15.. Variety of foods: thanks to all the multi-cultures in Canada\n\nThese are just a few, sorry your personal experience was bad, very sorry, but that’s your personal experience and Canada isn’t as you make it seem out to be. All the best to you and hope you find the right ‘country’ for you and your family! ??

Shame on people voting for Kamala, just wanting the same crises to continue. War, illegal immigration, inflation, recession, drug epidemic, high crime, homelessness, disgusting cities, lack of resources, incompetent DEI leadership, censorship, fake climate agenda for blatant financial gain, regression of women’s rights through men invading women’s spaces, ridiculous energy costs, sending jobs overseas etc etc. All for what?? Abortion?? Identity politics?? Wtf are you people doing voting for the destruction of our country?!

not anti-immigration ... but flooding the country with too immigrants at one time ....... without a housing plan (housing - real estate and rents have skyrocketed and become unaffordable for most everyone etc etc )etc etc , services plan , education plan, employment plan, health system plan ... the country is simple being overwhelmed ... people want it slowed down ...

As a Canadian, we want to leave! This isn’t the same country our parents and grandparents grew up in. Bringing in 1 million ppl who haven’t contributed to our socialist system yet giving them full benefits is destroying us! If just my husband didn’t get taxed we could afford for me to stay home but instead my mat leave has ended and we can’t find child care! We are in serious talks about selling the house and moving to Thailand or some other country where our dollar is actually worth something. \nTaking suggestions on English speaking countries to move to!\n\nAnd what other country could u move to and tell them to change? Cuz that’s what happening here. Ppl aren’t assimilating to our Canadian way. We are expected to accept (bend over and take it) and include in the name of “inclusion”. Makes me sick my white straight son will have LESS opportunity than a gay ethnic person… talk about discrimination!!! The ONLY discrimination is against white straight men!! It’s insanity!

Why do you think? They want to destroy countries with massive immigration from people that will not integrate

Immigration is killing every country. Ask the people what they want! A referendum to ask the people what THEY want is the only fair way!

The Arab countries want absolutely nothing to do with them.

I was fortunate to relocate to the Canada a few years ago. Witnessing the social issues exacerbated by ineffective immigration policies, I can understand why Canadians might feel frustrated. I'm always eager to engage with the community, but I found that many Canadians are reluctant to discuss politics or care about what is going on in their neighborhoods, and the voting rate in city elections are very low. A few months ago, I shared a city government survey designed to collect residents' opinions about the next 5-year development plan with some friends, but only one out of five showed interest in participating.\nI hope that more Canadians will take advantage of their democratic system to drive change and shape her into the country they want to live in. Back in my home country, we couldn’t vote for our government, so having democracy is a privilege—please use it wisely while you can!\nNote: I am grateful that the Canadians I’ve met have been very welcoming.

Wanting to vet people coming into your country is not racist or even anti immigrant. We all want to be safe but allowing anyone in is not the way to do it.

Meanwhile, the US government, European government and western media are busy making trouble in other countries. Creating civil war. Then the people in that country fled to the US and Europe. Then the US and Europe complained. There is one advice, if the US and Europe want to live in peace and comfort without immigrants, Stop messing around in other countries. If you and your country are still destroying other countries, don't expect there to be no immigrants in your country

Fkin rights anti-immigrant sentiment is growing this was bound to happen when the gov has an agenda thats not benefiting to the peoples of the country or wanted. Seems like its all by design in all western countries

As an immigrant myself, I think Canadians want less Indians and Asians, Canada is an immigrant country but to many from India and china is just not fine even for me.

thats alot of words to say that they dont want them inside their own country

The First Nations people would like a word about the country not being “what I want”

There is only One Race of Humans on this Planet but hundreds of different cultures ! I am an Immigrant but when I applied to Canada it was with full intention to become a Canadian I love Canadian Culture. Anyone who Applies for Immigration to Canada should come to this country and embrace Canadian Culture not have Cultures and Religions of other nations forced upon me and mine.IF YOU WANT TO COME TO CANADA YOU BETTER COME HERE AND BE PREPARED TO BE CANADIAN AND GIVE UP YOUR LIFE AND LIBERTY TO DEFEND CANADA AND CANADIANS. you can share your culture but it should never outweigh BEING CANADIAN. If you are an Immigrant and you don't like the laws of Canada then I suggest you stay in your country of origin.

Finally a report that calls it the way it is. Canada is broken, all the services our tax dollars support are redirected to the new Canadians. There are no services available to me, after paying taxes for more then 40 years. Housing, rentals are outrageously priced, what once cost $800 a month a few years ago, is now $1,500 for the exact same unit. \n\nThe Canadians that built this country with their tax contributions are being shut out of all the services and we can't afford to live in our own country. Even immigrants don't want to live here anymore. Canada is broken!\n\nthere are a lot of reports that show immigrants using foodbanks like a grocery store. Food banks are not grocery stores, they are there to help people who are not able to buy food. Foreign students are expected to be able to support themselves while in Canada as foreign students. They lie about having the money to get in, then when they get here they complain, take our housing, our jobs (Ukrainians can work in Canada as soon as their plane lands, after receiving $3,000 in cash from the government of Canada).\n\nCanadians are treated as second class citizens, priority is given to new Canadians. There are absolutely no services available to me, no doctor, no affordable housing, double the price for food, no medical, nothing....

The vast majority of people are not against immigration per se, they just want it to be done at a pace that it doesn't change the fabric of society. There are countries where this happens, and they don't experience the evaporation of social cohesion we've seen in Western Europe. Immigration can boost economies and foster diplomatic ties between nations if done well. If done badly, it leads to chaos.

WE ARE ALL IMMIGRANTS IN CANADA!!!!!!!! HOW CAN WE BE AGAIST IMMIGRATION!!!!!!!!!!! \n\nWe just don't want people to be disenfranchised, not assimilate, and bring their countries problems here. WE WANT REASONABLE IMMIGRATION!!!! \n\nThe birth rate for Canada in 2023 was 10.072 births per 1000 people.... YET OUR COUNTRY GROWS AT 1.4 MILLION A YEAR! Its not right! GDP per Capita is falling off a cliff, not enough housing or jobs for the influx, pushing Canadians to take lower wages. \n\nWe want common sense! If we cant even vet the people coming in, what are we even doing!

I completely agree with all that you said, specially how Canada doesn't take care of their immigrants properly, they just want money and they don't see them as humans. I really hope that things can get better... I came to this country as my childhood dream but is sad to see how low is falling.

I can't help but think that the phrase 'a country of immigrants' is just a sneaky way of saying 'a country of colonialism'. I dont know that much accountability or reconciliation has happened in Canada over the last 300 years. It began with governments and corporations doing whatever they wanted and could do to make money and extract resources off of this land (regardless of whom it affected), and continues to be just that. The increase of immigrants is largely, as far as I know, being used to a) bring in more revenue and economic stimulus (which is more and more ending up in the hands of a few very wealthy families) and b) fuel the labour force of large corporations that would rather soak the profits up themselves, hire low-wage PR or temporary foreign worker labour, than pay Canadian residents properly to work those jobs. I love immigrants, have many 1st gen immigrants friends, and think they do bring a lot to Canada. We all do, as we were all immigrants at some point. At the same time, the immigration system is very complicit in looking at immigration as a resource in aiding those rich families/ corporations in colonialism, and you could argue that this overreliance is abuse of the immigration system. Certainly, we have seen this with colleges. This feels especially true over the last several years with huge jumps in immigration numbers with growing inequality for long term residents. So the result is a very quickly changing world that is not helping many Canadians feel more secure about their future, which is a recipe for unrest. Am I wrong? Genuinely I am looking to have an open discussion here!

I work with an immigrant from India. He came here 15 years ago to get away from the people in India. He didn’t want his children growing up around the people in that country.\nNow he says we’re bringing many of the people here now and wonders where to go now.

Why? Because immigration is unchecked and unbalanced. If you want a prosperous multicultural society everyone has to be on board with that and it has to be fair for everyone. In the West that balance is not there. If you think for one moment you could go to an Asian or Arabic country and have a 'Canada Town' or a 'Little Britain' you are delusional.\n\nYears ago, my father who was an army officer went to Oman to help train their soldiers. On arrival he was given a list 5 A4 pages long of things he COULD NOT DO in that country. He didn't complain and abided by that. One Westerner broke one of the rules accidentally and literally had to leave the country taking nothing with him. Why is ok to enforce culture one way, but not the other? That's your problem. There's an agenda here.

We need to be bold and speak up. They will call us racists and far right wing which is not true but we must be bold and fight for our country back. We want our quality of life back. They only have 1 year left in power if we fight back.

Canada was not anti immigration when the people coming were needed, they wanted to contribute, and they understood and assimilated into Canadian culture. Now they come, contributing nothing, straining our health care system, causing a housing crisis, and most importantly, bringing their culture and beliefs, displacing ours. Our veterans that fought for Canada and what being Canadian meant fought for nothing as too many of this current generation has no patriotism and cares nothing about Canadian culture. Thus, we lost our country without a fight.

The arab world does not seem to do anything about most of the arab problems. Side stepping situations has resulted in nothing being resolved. Unfortunately the palestinians do not want to live peacefully , they promote terror, the main reason arab countries do not want them.

Can’t wait till we are just like South America going to be fun. All the crime, cleanliness law and order. Thank you to all the people who voted this way it’s going to be so much fun. Can people vote instead of not liking a person can you look at what they are trying to do. I would think closed borders would be #1 with anyone with a brain? Or just because you hate the way someone talks let’s destroy the country instead sounds like a plan sign me up can’t wait to be dodging these bullets soon. I think the only way to ever solve this is there are so many states. Can we just have some states for Republicans some states for Democrats you live the way you wanna live we live the way we want to live point blank. The problem is trying to blend things that are not meant to blend. I want Lauren order. I want people who follow the law. I don’t want a lot of music. I don’t want trash on the streets. I’m 50 now when I was 20 I may have thought differently. I worked hard. I moved out of the Bronx to a nice neighborhood and it’s still nice but our corner of nice in New York is getting smaller and smaller. And I laughed when these people, even in these nice towns who vote not realizing the consequences.

Completely insane that the government wants to reach 100 million people ASAP through brute immigration.\nThey don't care about integration, or national security, they only see these migrants as economic assets they can put to work.\nAnd then they're surprised when people bring up the great replacement, like yeah I don't like racists, but that's literally your policy Trudeau (and Pollievre too).\nThey need an actual open dialogue on immigration before the country ends up like England where every party's in lockstep and anyone with anti-migration is forced into the far-right fringes.

An immigrant country doesn’t want immigrants? ?

Who don't want free the home of brave now a home of asylum country ??

Also remember that many illegal immigrants, asylum seekers and refugees simply walked from the northern states of the USA across Canada's border into Canada and Canada got stuck with them too. Having to house them and feed them etc because Canada couldn't sent them back because of some international law. These laws allowing anyone to enter someone else's country without being invited or without asking for and receiving the respective countries permission is not right. We all have borders for a reason. Too keep people and things out that we do not want and to keep things inside that we need and treasure. That's the whole point of a country having borders.

I do not believe for one minute this is just a small minority,I have seen plenty of videos of this nature on the internet stop defending these people,remind these people at the end of the day they are guests in our country and if what they really want is Sharia law move back to your origins otherwise live by the law of the Land,This is my country not yours my family history goes back generations

Jan 6 were americans storming congress wanting their country back, these are not Americans storming our country. Big difference, do something lousy government.

we are all flood by this useless people that want to get out of all country

You know i really wanted to visit East Coast for my honeymoon, spend my sweet cash in your country and enjoy it, unfortunately it has turned into a shit hole so i am forced to change my plans and go to Japan. At least me and my wife will be safe.

They absolutely want to get here our government is offering all who make it here free housing, food,and cash every month insane this country is screwed

Thank God I left New York in 2003 21 years ago. And I’m blessed to live in Florida with one of the best governors who wants to keep our boys boys and our beautiful girls women. No LGBTQ crap down here. My points this is all done by the democratic s . Do not be brainwashed. Don’t be fooled anymore. Straighten your spine and choose to see the Republicans take care of the country and have the light of God behind them. It’s obvious God bless New York wake up vote trump 2024.

Good for them, I hope they suck every penny out of that city and all the sanctuary cities that want to destroy our country, I wouldn’t doubt they are going to bankrupt the EBT, since they are getting thousands on their card,plus debit card 4 grand a month, free place to live, hell they can do what every they want to do living like this. When they start cutting others off EBT and other resources because they are running out of money, please sit down because you voted for this, just like they cut millions off Medicaid, to give to the illegals, getting used again over and over. \nK

These people are coming to fight with the American citizens, the same thing is happening now in England. The policemen are protecting illegals instead of the citizens. All governments are destroying their own countries. They want a civil war. Depopulation is their agenda

Don't vote for Kama kama kamelian!!! If you want this to stop vote Trump Vance 2024 we need our country back! We will not stay a 3rd world country!! Trump 2024!!

The solution is simple, just automatically return everyone to their countries unless they prove they come from a country at war or in a civil war. This will discourage the onslaught and dial down the numbers.\n\nPeople wanting to immigrate for economic reason are welcome, if they knock on the door and ask permission first. Fence jumpers need to be put on a transport back home.

There are now quite a few news stories in Canada of immigrants leaving the country - some back home and others to the USA and other places. Many just get a Canadian passport and then leave. There are public health care and pensions, so it can be an asset and also a convenient travel document to have. A lot of Canadian university graduates have a very hard time finding work in their fields and a lot of them look to the US for a better future. Both immigration and unemployment in Canada are much higher that in the US - so more people are chasing fewer jobs that often pay less and are taxed more than in the USA. Opportunities are generally a lot fewer in Canada than the US, and the business environment is not as favourable, and taxes significantly higher. You would be getting some of the entrepreneurs from Canada moving to the US for more favourable conditions as well to launch a business and also now a lot more rich investor types, so-called high net worth individuals wanting to relocate, because they just raised the capital gains tax in Canada. Capital gains is also triggered on inheritance in Canada with a deemed sale of property and assets, so rich people would prefer the American system and want to be residents there for tax purposes and have their assets grow in value in the US compared to Canada. There are very large numbers of foreign students and other categories of immigrants which may have as their goal going to the US after getting a temporary visa to Canada which is easy to get - maybe something like half a million to a million people in those categories depending on the year, plus around another half million regular immigrants and refugees now. The Trudeau administration has increased immigration to record numbers. It has been steadily going up over the years for several decades since 1990. Because of family re-unification it can have a snowball effect and could significantly exceed 1 million per year. A lot of the sending countries have much larger populations than Canada, so there are a lot more that can be potentially sent to Canada in the future. About 1/4 of the population of Canada has been added in the past few decades. Add to that visitors and temporary visas - that is a lot of people potentially moving to the US. Before the 1990s Canadians visiting the US were not required to have a passport and a drivers' license or birth certificate was adequate. Now a passport is required. It is impossible to effectively control the long Canada-US border, so there could be some unified policies in that area agreed on between Canada and the USA on immigration and refugees. Canada currently has a very open immigration policy with the government actively seeking out more immigration beyond its current processing capacity and trying to take rejected immigrants from other countries. The Canadian government, especially in recent years under Trudeau is immigration hungry. It might be the only country in the world doing that. What some news reports are now saying is that some immigrants are actually leaving, since they find it so difficult in Canada and some are worse off than they were in the countries they came from, which were considered to be less developed than Canada. \nWashington currently has more immigration controls and administrative competencies than Ottawa, so US pressure and influence is a faster way to get reforms into the system than waiting for local politicians to do anything, which is unlikely. Canada is seen by some as a backdoor into the US. Biden's immigration policies could be seen as very conservative in Canada compared to Trudeau's. It used to be in the news about how refugees were trying to get to Canada and walking across the border in Quebec and out west from the US earlier, but now there are more news stories of immigrants leaving Canada trying to go the other way, probably due to high costs and unemployment because the government took in more people than it could absorb into the economy. They have the idea that immigration drives GDP growth so that they can borrow and spend more, expand the civil service, etc. without making any cutbacks or efficiencies, supposedly without the Debt to GDP ratio getting worse, just by bringing in more people as if that would drive the economy. A lot depends on who you bring in as well. Are they going to go on welfare, are they going to increase crime, will they somehow contribute to society, are they a net tax benefit or cost in terms of government services, will they invest money, will they start a business and create jobs for others ? Those issues do not factor into government decision making in Canada for the most part. Ontario Premier Doug Ford did say there were too many foreign students. It is bad planning not to consider those factors since there are other costs that grow with those policies as well, and infrastructure has to be expanded. I think that the real immigration numbers to Canada are not transparent or made public, nor are the costs involved, if anyone even knows what they are. Nor is the impact on crime. You can guess from what the reports are in other countries. The Fraser Institute has made some estimates on the net costs of immigration to the government budget a few years ago, which were very high and which by now have increased - the cost equivalent of several new aircraft carriers each year. They are big numbers which are not publicized, but it amounts to the fact that immigration is subsidized by the taxpayers in Canada and it is not paying for our pensions as an ageing society as has been claimed. There is less money for education, health care and pensions per person, and those social benefits will probably have to be reduced over time. Social programs can only be delivered to the extent that the government has money. The bigger social system a county has, the more such immigration policies are going to cost. Trudeau has been expanding various social programs as well, so higher taxes and debt are likely with that approach. Then more productive people and companies will want to leave Canada and go to the US. Probably the government does not know what the actual numbers and costs are and doesn't actively keep track of that information beyond what is required. Probably nobody knows what the true immigration figures and their associated costs are in Canada, and hardly anyone has even studied those issues. If they can just walk across the US border and get papers so easily making an asylum claim, it is not surprising, since it would take them longer to get a regular visa and work permit if they did it legally. You could call that a loophole in the US immigration system which is being exploited. The US is better governed in general and has a better system in many ways, but I am not sure if it is the same on that. People have arrived on boats and have not been sent back. At least in the US you have more open information about those issues. In Canada it is hard to find out anything about it. Deportations from Canada are very few. \nOn other issues in Canada when voting in federal elections you have to show a government issued photo ID like a drivers' license or passport to vote and bring a card that was mailed out to eligible voters that gets updated addresses when a person files their taxes. I have never heard of mail-in ballots in Canada, but there are remote areas of the country in the far north who may have special system for voting. It is easier to get a Canadian citizenship than US and many more citizenships are handed out in Canada each year in proportion to the population than in the US. Canadian might be one of the easiest citizenships to get in the world. The official line now is that it is a country of immigrants. Based on current trends, will very little opposition to it in the parliament and most MPs supporting it, future immigration to Canada could increase to several million per year because of the rapid growth of population in the world, and the momentum already growing of immigration to Canada, so it may change significantly in the future. Historically around the world you can see many examples that country names, borders, flags and languages change over time with population changes, so it might not be called Canada anymore in 50-100 years. For example, Bulgaria used to be called Thrace which had been a powerful kingdom in antiquity and had a different language which is barely known about anymore. Over the past 2,000 years it has gone through a number of changes and had various regimes governing it, has been independent and also part of several different empires. Canada has only been a country for a short time in comparison and has been been going through significant changes. Trudeau has said that Canada is a post-national country. Canada is also going through a period of critical self-examination and deconstruction-revisionism. A lot of what had been viewed as positive from its history now is seen more critically, with re-naming and removing historical figures now seen as negative.\nDiscussing immigration policy critically is considered by many to be taboo in Canada, unless a person is saying good things about it in general. You can hear people say that the government isn't processing enough people, for example, but not often that there are too many or that it costs a lot of money. The trend of migration from Canada to the US would only increase much more in the future as it is going currently, and its role as a stepping stone to migration to the US could increase. The way this would be seen by many in Canada is that they are losing valuable people to the USA whom they consider assets, since a lot of officials have been trying to bring in more people into the country, but not everyone wants to stay in Canada nowadays because of a lack of jobs and opportunities. Canada is quite laissez-faire about migration, with Toronto being a sanctuary city as well.

I want to see the less fortunate sleeping on the streets in their home countries.

the only value almost everybody lives by is greed .... the myth is that in the usa everybody is a millionnaire ... so why americans are so surprised everybody in the world want to ge to the greatest country in the world of all time and history where everybody is a millionnaire ?

If I had the apparently unlimited budget that our government has, you could bet I could close the Northern border ... People in this country just want to be too damned nice about it. Applies to the Southern border, as well. Message to the 'immigrants' - there are LEGAL options ... use them!!

Can't send them BACK to Canada?\nThe fuq we can't.\nThat where they came from that's where we send them back.\nIf Canada don't want them they should have required passports and not allow them in Canada in the first place.\nAmericans need to stop letting other countries shit all over us and tell us we can't send them back.\nWhat is Canada going to do if we send them back, wag a finger at us?

Why would black and brown people all want to come to a country as racist and awful as the US? Hmm…..?

Your country keeps entering their nose in other countries business just hear your south comander if the USA stops intruding in the business of the other countries probably that border crisis would exist cause if your country is good why would you want to go to another

They help destroy there countries and now want to help destroy ours , INVADERS , criminals killers soldiers and fools ..

At the risk of knowing whatever I want to say here is relatively meaningless I believe there may be a few decent people that may read and think about what is glaring in all the comments about the number one issue not only with your presidential elections but affecting most of the 65 other leadership elections worldwide. It's all interconnected and with every news segment, video, long version podcast to those of us with some free sober time away from getting stoned away from our video game accts and bored with watching porno hub. It is always gonna be where there is a dollar to be found you will have those in need to chase FROM where ever ! Since your clickbait title has me spending my first and only coffee moment watching your usually informed and super entertaining rant style of typical NY white boy genZ proforming what your type usually does ... bit.ching out about a problem you all caused yourselves. I should stop but if I am going to spend the time to post up something to those few that are not going to advance red vs blue positional comments but can see what could come from our ears being subjected to your verbal barrage of WB rap, bro take friggin breathe so your/us viwers may revisit your next rant that maybe of real use and importance. As a Canadian our open border from my province to your state is about 45 min.s way from my city. Hint think Niagara Falls ... Peace bridge ... Buffalo Bills from where the Blue Jays play 92 and 93 World Series Champions ... ( won't rub anyone more smack to US pride but to my bros ... what about those 2019 Raptors eh ) will always be an option since your big oil , drill baby drill peeps demand we all keep buying petrol so those that can legally drive will do so because those coming across here can afford the two gas tanks to drive in and the 2 gas tanks they will need to buy again to return that said automobile home without having to have an unknown stranger from another tribe. The ones from another poor tribe can still cross on one cost of one tank ( source from your vid 16:30 where you advertise to all other viewers where and which bus is the best for $ 70 ... brilliant ) I use Tribe specifically because besides the two passenger bridges ( the other Ambassador in Windsor/Detroit thing Red Wings/loins since you used Ottawa instead of Vancouver maybe but of course there is no NFL team there so your NY brain has a Genz moment cause your GenX teacher was too busy watching reality television instead of teaching you sometime useful an hour north of your country which BTW does speak english ..mostly and we totally understand American and the truth that too many really cannot really speak anything but dumb weirdo sound bites between big Macs and your sugar/caffeine fix ... so lay off the energy drinks down to like maybe 2 aday. BIG TIP from our elections back when our old French PM told your first dumbazz Prez son of Yale frat boy 43 NO we WON'T send our troops with your killers to IRAQ but WE will honor article 5 and stand with you all in the WAR against Islamic extremist in bases inside Afghanistan ... because us Canadians know what is REAL ... BE CALM ... we know you Americans may eventually get it right .. may take you 20 friggin years to figure out your Generals are really stupid corrupt women haters who like some of ours crossdressing AlPHABET Turds with fuking expensive WAR Machine toys who back War criminals invite them to speak to your lawmakers as they lead you down this new rabbit hole Of which IS ... will China invade Taiwan ??????????